In recent days, many European countries have seen a significant rise in butter prices, with Poland particularly drawing attention. On December 18, CNN cited industry analysis pointing to tight dairy supply as the likely main cause. To curb the soaring butter prices, the Polish government recently announced the release of 1,000 tons of butter from its strategic reserves, auctioning it to businesses at below-market prices. This move is clearly aimed at curbing inflation and bringing the prices of some essential goods back to acceptable levels.

Official data shows that over the past year, butter prices across the EUs 27 member states have risen by an average of 19%, with some countries seeing increases exceeding 40%. In Slovakia, Germany, and the Czech Republic, public complaints about skyrocketing butter prices on supermarket shelves have sparked heated debate. The focus of the discussion is: Why has butter become a hard-hit area amid economic recovery bottlenecks and rising consumer prices? Experts analyze that major dairy-producing regions worldwide, including Europe, the U.S., and New Zealand, are facing declining production. On one hand, cow diseases have reduced output; on the other, persistently high international demand for dairy products, especially high-value-added cheese, has squeezed the already relatively low-profit butter production. Some processors prefer to allocate milk supplies to more profitable product lines. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization noted earlier this month that severe butter shortages in Western Europe drove global butter prices to a record high in November. EU statistics show that butter prices within the EU have already risen by over 40% this year, putting immense pressure on consumers.

Against the backdrop of high energy costs and persistent inflation across Europe, the rise in butter prices has become even more glaring. On the 17th of this month, the Polish government announced the release of 1,000 tons of butter from its national strategic reserves, auctioning it at prices far below market rates. The Polish Strategic Reserves Agency (RARS) stated that this batch of frozen butter was originally stored to ensure domestic demand and emergency reserves but is now being urgently released due to soaring butter prices impacting public livelihoods. The official auction price is set at around 28.38 zloty (approximately $7) per kilogram, below the current general retail price, and sold in 25-kilogram batches. The government hopes businesses will use this to stabilize end retail prices, providing consumers some relief from inflationary pressures in their daily expenses.

According to Polish media reports, while butter does not account for a large portion of household budgets in Poland, its price rise, combined with other increasing costs, exacerbates public perception of inflation. Data released earlier by Polands Central Statistical Office shows that as of November this year, the countrys inflation rate had reached 4.7%, roughly double the eurozone average. With factors such as energy and electricity prices adding to the pressure, public complaints about high prices are widespread. Some Polish commentators even noted that even if the government reduces butter prices, it might only be a drop in the bucket for ordinary citizens, and the more critical issue is controlling the upward trend in electricity prices or other basic expenses.

Polish political figures are also divided in their attitudes toward the butter price surge. Warsaw Mayor and 2025 presidential candidate Rafa? Trzaskowski recently criticized the head of Polands central bank for failing to properly control inflation, leading to runaway prices of essential goods. Meanwhile, Law and Justice Party leader and former Polish Prime Minister Jaros?aw Kaczyński posted a satirical photo on social media showing butter locked in a safe, highlighting the severe economic situation Poland faces. Public opinion is divided on who is responsible for the price surge, with polls showing over half of respondents blaming former government leaders, while others point fingers at the current central bank governor or the Law and Justice Party leadership.

From a global perspective, many European dairy-producing regions have faced adverse effects from climate change in recent years, with rising feed and energy costs making it difficult to increase production effectively. Meanwhile, international demand for milk has risen rather than fallen, especially with the rapid recovery of the catering industry post-pandemic, straining dairy supply chains. The surge in butter prices reflects both the concentrated impact of this inflationary wave on food and the internal resource allocation and rising production costs within the industry.

For Poland, the governments use of strategic reserves to curb prices is rare, underscoring the authorities concern about current public livelihood pressures. However, whether this can fully reverse consumers negative perception of inflation depends on the pace of overall economic recovery and policy coordination. If the shortage of milk supplies in Europe persists, prices for butter and other dairy products may remain high. The Polish government has told the media that this release of reserves is a short-term regulatory measure and will be adjusted as global market conditions change. On the other hand, strengthening oversight of agricultural supply chains and encouraging more balanced resource allocation by businesses have become key discussion points in Poland and the EU. After all, when butter becomes a scarce commodity, the underlying economic concerns may run deeper than the price surge of a single product.